Croatian Biological Society, an autonomous society of Croatian biologists, has been founded in 1975. However the first society of Croatian biologists was "Croatian Society of Natural Scientists" and its establish was initiated by well-known zoologist Spiridion Brusina in 1885. Next year (1886) Spiridion Brusina initiated the publication of the society journal "Herald of Croatian Society of Natural Scientists“, which, in 1947, had changed the title into "Herald of Biological Section" (of Croatian Society of Natural Scientists). Since 1970, the title of this journal has been changed into "Periodicum biologorum" that is nowadays an official journal of Croatian Biological Society.

The journal "Nature" (initiated by bacteriologist Ljudevit Gutschy in 1911, most of its editors were biologists) has been the main journal for the science popularisation for over 90 years.

Within the Croatian Society of Natural Scientists biologists have established more specialised sections like Croatian Ornithological Centre (1901), Biological Centre (1909), Biological Section (1921), Section for Nature Protection (1935) etc.

In between two world wars the majority of natural disciplines (astronomy, chemistry, physics etc.) has become autonomous. They separated from Croatian Society of Natural Scientists into independent societies, while the biologists stayed in their mother society in which they took care of its long-term and significant tradition.

In 1975, it has been decided, in accordance with mother society, that Biological Section of Croatian Society of Natural Scientists with all its members should outgrow into independent society, Croatian Biological Society. The first president of Croatian Biological Society was academician Zvonimir Devidé. Since then, the society has been developing and growing in activities. The first Congress of Croatian Biologists was organised in 1981, by Prof. Oskar Springer, contemporary president. Meetings of Croatian Biologists have been regularly maintaining every three years. Until today seven of them were successfully organised. These meetings are gradually becoming more international with not only national but also international participants as well.